Human Following Robot
Arduino-based autonomous robot with obstacle avoidance using ultrasonic and IR sensors. Features L293D motor driver for precise motor control and servo-controlled arms that simulate walking motion. The robot follows humans within 15cm range and stops when obstacles are detected.
Project Overview
This project is an Arduino-based autonomous robot designed to detect and follow humans using an ultrasonic sensor and a central IR sensor. The robot uses L293D motor driver for controlling 4 DC motors and features two servo motors that move the robot's arms in a walking-style motion when the robot is in motion.
Components Required
- Arduino UNO
- Ultrasonic Sensor (HC-SR04)
- IR Sensor (center-mounted)
- L293D Motor Driver IC (2 pieces for 4 motors)
- 4 DC Motors
- 2 Servo Motors (for arms)
- Power Supply (recommended: 7.4V to 11.1V LiPo)
- Jumper wires
- Breadboard or PCB
L293D Motor Driver
The L293D is a dual H-bridge motor driver that can control up to 2 DC motors. For this project, we use 2 L293D ICs to control 4 motors. Each motor can be controlled independently for direction and speed.
Working Principle
The robot uses an ultrasonic sensor to detect objects in front of it. When an object is detected within 15 cm, it initiates forward movement. The IR sensor checks for the presence of a line or surface underneath. If the IR sensor detects an obstacle (or surface is missing), the robot stops.
During forward movement, the two servos animate the robot's arms to simulate a walking motion by swinging in opposite directions alternately.
Power Supply Recommendation
DC motors require a strong power supply. A fully charged 7.4V or 11.1V battery is recommended to ensure smooth operation. The L293D can handle up to 12V motor supply voltage.
Want to Build This Project?
Download all the necessary files and watch the video tutorial to create your own human following robot with L293D motor driver!